THE BROKEN BLUEPRINT

PART THREE-B
THE STORY OF LOMA LINDA: WHAT IT DID TO OUR CHURCH
(1905 - ONWARD)

STATING BASIC OBJECTIVES

AIMING FOR THE BEST

In order that the plan get off to a good start, Ellen White contacted Elder and Mrs. S.N. Haskell, her close friends of many years, and asked them to come and lead out in field evangelism at the young school.

We must soon start a nurses training school at Loma Linda. This place will become an important educational center, and we need the efforts of yourself and your wife to give the right mold to the work in this new educational center.--EGW, Letter 277, 1905.

On the evangelistic side they had, beginning in the spring of 1906, the help of that veteran Bible teacher and missionary, Elder S.N. Haskell, and his wife, who, at the solicitation of Mrs. White, had joined the staff. It was truly an evangelistic school; for the nurses and all the workers entered heartily into Elder Haskell's practical evangelistic program in surrounding cities, and also canvassed for Mrs. Whites new book, The Ministry of Healing.--A.W. Spalding, Christ's Last Legion, p. 157.

While the school was in its infancy, only nurses would be trained. But, as early as 1905, she indicated that it must eventually include the training of physicians.

In regard to the school, I would say, Make it all you possibly can in the education of nurses and physicians.--EGW, Letter 325, 1905.

If you, dear reader, are planning to start a medical missionary school or study on your own to become a medical missionary, you will find the following information to be extremely helpful. It can serve as a guideline, yes, a clarion call to action!

Ellen White attended a council meeting, held on the Loma Linda grounds in 1906. At that meeting, she stated the twofold work to be done.

I tried to make it plain that sanitarium physicians and helpers were to cooperate with God in combating disease not only through the use of natural remedial agencies He has placed within our reach, but also by encouraging their patients to lay hold on divine strength through obedience to the commandments of God.--EGW, Review, June 21, 1906.

Not by poisonous drugs, but by obedience to the natural and moral laws were the patients to recover their health. Not by presumptive faith alone, but by obedience to the Ten Commandments were the patients to be brought to a saving knowledge of Christ their Lord and Saviour.

In these last days, the theological new theology teaches salvation by presumption, without obedience to the moral law of God; and the medical new theology teaches healing by poisons, without obedience to the laws of nature.

At that important gathering, she also said this in her address:

Loma Linda is to be not only a sanitarium, but an educational center. With the possession of this place comes the weighty responsibility of making the work of the institution educational in character. A school is to be established here for the training of gospel medical missionary evangelists. Much is involved in this work, and it is very essential that a right beginning be made.--Ibid.

That spring, with the help of the nurses and staff of Loma Linda, the Haskell's conducted a medical evangelistic tent effort in San Bernardino. This was part of the training program.

Anxious to learn more about the blueprint for the school, Professor Howell visited Ellen White at her home at Elmshaven. That which he learned, he returned to the school and shared with the others. (Unfortunately, half a year later, he was sent to Greece.) Commenting on the visit, she later explained that earnest prayer, study of Gods inspired writings, a will to obey, and hard work would bring success in the right lines.

I told him that the Lord will lead all who are willing to be led. The Bible is our safe guidebook. Said Christ, He that will come after Me, let him take his cross, and follow Me.

We cannot mark out a precise line to be followed unconditionally. Circumstances and emergencies will arise for which the Lord must give special instruction. But if we begin to work, depending wholly upon the Lord, watching, praying, and walking in harmony with the light He sends us, we shall not be left to walk in darkness.--EGW, Letter 192, 1906.

That is a sweet promise! If Gods people will be faithful and willing, He will guide them all the way to the end. And that is what you and I want; is it not? We want to be part of His plan.

SCHOOL CONNECTED WITH SANITARIUM

According to the blueprint, the sanitarium and school must be located close to one another, and they should blend in their instruction and work.

The blending of our schools and sanitariums will prove an advantage in many ways.--EGW, February 20, 1908.

In the fall of 1906, Ellen White wrote this to the manager and president of CME:

Brethren Burden and Howell, the work of the school and the sanitarium will be a blessing, the one to the other; then the interests of both will be advanced. If there is cooperation between the educational work and the work of sanitarium, we can heartily recommend that the higher education will be carried on in the sanitarium grounds, for this is the Lords plan. If the men at the head of this enterprise plan for the usefulness of these institutions, each helping the other, there is nothing to hinder the operations of the school.--EGW, September 28, 1906.

In reply, Burden wrote:

We are having the most ideal Sanitarium work here at Loma Linda of anything I have ever seen in all my experience, and I contribute it quite largely to the influence of the school with the Sanitarium. This keeps up a healthy, spiritual atmosphere in the hearts of the workers. A number of the patients attend the Bible classes with the students. As soon as we get our chapel finished, our Bible classes will be held in the Sabbath school rooms which will be nearer the Sanitarium, and I am sure many more of the patients will then be in attendance.--John Burden, December 16, 1909.

In a further communication, she warned the workers at Loma Linda that the school must be connected with the sanitarium, and that the students should never be taught to use drug medications.

Be very careful not to do anything that would restrict the work at Loma Linda. It is in the order of God that this property has been secured, and He has given instruction that a school should be connected with the sanitarium. A special work is to be done there in qualifying young men and young women to be efficient medical missionary workers. They are to be taught how to treat the sick without the use of drugs. Such an education requires an experience in practical work.--EGW, Letter 274, 1906.

Medicinal drugs are actually unnatural combinations of chemicals, which are foreign to the human body.

Drugs always have a tendency to break down and destroy vital forces, and nature becomes so crippled in her efforts that the invalid dies, not because he needed to die, but because nature was outraged.--Medical Ministry, p. 223.

Instead of handing a sick man some pills with powerful chemicals, natural treatments require practical work--water therapy, the use of herbs, careful diet, and actual changes which fulfill obedience to all eight laws of health. Not only was healing procedure to be applied to the patients, but they were to be taught how to live right, physically and spiritually.

The above letter concluded with these words:

The students are to unite faithfully in the medical work, keeping their physical powers in the most perfect condition possible, and laboring under the instruction of the great Medical Missionary. The healing of the sick and the ministry of the Word are to go hand in hand.--Ibid.

STATEMENTS IN EARLY PUBLICATIONS

The earliest publications by the young educational center provide us with helpful information.

The School Bulletin, issued in the summer of 1906, listed three courses that were offered:

Evangelistic-Medical, Collegiate Nurses and Gospel Workers.

The three-year Evangelistic-Medical Course was described in this way:

This course is designed especially for graduate nurses and others who have completed the preparatory subjects . . and who wish to take advanced medical studies as a better preparation for evangelistic work, but who desire to take these studies under conditions favorable to spiritual growth, to confidence in the fundamental truths of the third angels message, and to the development of the genuine missionary spirit in actual service.

Subjects which were taught included chemistry, physiological therapeutics, children's diseases, physiology, obstetrics, gynecology, anatomy, and general diseases. The foreword to the Bulletin said:

The purpose in establishing the College of Evangelists at Loma Linda is to develop and train evangelists. The world needs evangelizing, and the work must be done speedily.

At the foot of each page, in italics, were these words: To preach the kingdom of God and to heal the sick.

In June 1908, the first issue of The Medical Evangelist, published by the College of Evangelists at Loma Linda, came off the press. It introduced itself, significantly, with the sentence, Evangelist with no credentials except the truth that it carries. There was no mention of affiliations with secular colleges, hospitals, and other AMA institutions. The journal was only Affiliated with the Loma Linda Sanitarium.

The journal announced A Special One-Years Course, and mentioned what the students had been doing the previous school year:

During the past year, Elder Luther Warren has been associated with the school as Field Evangelist, and the Lord has greatly blessed his labors in inspiring the students with a strong missionary spirit. All have taken part in evangelistic work in the surrounding towns.

HOW IT GOT ITS NAME

A year later, when the school was chartered by the State, the name was changed to College of Medical Evangelists (CME).

John Burden later told how the school got its name:

I well remember the morning when Sister White wrote the phrase Gospel Medical Missionary Evangelists, and her eyes brightened as she wrote them. There, she said, I think they can understand that. She spoke this with reference to the kind of a school Loma Linda should be. Since this was the product, what could be more natural than that the school should carry the name that suggested the product? And she seemed very pleased when the school was christened, The College of Medical Evangelists. John Burden, letter to Dr. E.H. Risley, June 3, 1929.

Many years later, evangelist was stripped from the titles. The name of the schools journal was changed from The Medical Evangelist, to Loma Linda University Scope.

On July 1, 1961, the name of the school was changed to Loma Linda University. When that happened, a special California law, enacted during the red herring era of the late 1940s and early 1950s, suddenly applied to the school. We will discuss this later.

The purpose of our health institutions is not first and foremost to be that of hospitals. The health institutions connected with the closing work of the gospel in the earth stand for the great principles of the gospel in all its fullness. Christ is the one to be revealed in all the institutions connected with the closing work, but none of them can do it so fully as the health institution where the sick and suffering come for relief and deliverance from both physical and spiritual ailment. Many of these need, like the paralytic of old, the forgiveness of sin the first thing, and they need to learn how to go, and sin no more. Medical Ministry, pp. 27-28.

OPERATION AND CURRICULUM

To those who made application to work at Loma Linda in those early days, this is what Elder Burden wrote:

We are here under Gods appointment to start a large institution. We have no funds. We are unable to pay your traveling expenses, and know not when we can begin to pay salaries. The most that we can say to you is that we need help. If your heart is in the work, come along and share our poverty with us.--John Burden, Story of Loma Linda.

It is important that we understand the operation and curriculum of Loma Linda in those early years:

You will be glad to know that Loma Linda is now open to receive patients. Dr. Abbott is with us, and a number of other workers. We have the first and second floors all fitted up, and are busy at work arranging for the treatment rooms . . This will fit us up very nicely, at least for the present . .

We have already begun our educational work by forming a class for the little ones. Miss Vina Baxter, Mrs. Burdens sister, is teaching them about three hours a day in book study, and three hours in gardening, and looking after the ground and flowers. The children are delighted, especially with their outdoor school. They take hold of their work with as much interest as they would of play.--John Burden, letter dated October 9, 1905, to Ellen White.

It should be noted that modern home schools often provide a similar education. Thank the Lord for home schools! In a wicked world, they are a haven of refuge for our children.

The rest of the above letter mentioned the study of Patriarchs and Prophets and the Bible with the students at morning and evening worship.

It is our plan to have regular courses of study in the Bible, Testimonies, and other necessary lines, for every worker connected with the institution.--Ibid.

One danger was overworking the nurses and other staff members, so they mechanically ran around in ceaseless activity rather than taking time to minister to the spiritual needs of the patients.

J.A. Burden: [We have changed our] routine from the old plan of from ten to fourteen hours work a day, to harmonize with what the testimonies have been saying all these years. At Loma Linda we have changed to six hours labor, four shifts in twenty-four hours, and it is an improvement. But if there is anything better, we want it.

Dr. Rand: There are two ways out of this difficulty. 1. To have more nurses; 2. To have less patients.

The Lord certainly wants our work so adjusted that we can carry out His instructions. The gospel nurse is the one whom sick people want rather than the merely professional one, although she may have more skill. It is the Christian spirit that is appreciated.--Proceedings of the Medical Missionary Convention, October 26-29, 1908, p. 55.

OFF-CAMPUS MISSIONARY PROJECTS

Off-campus missionary projects by the faculty working with the students were part of the curriculum. This is an extremely important part of the blueprint. The following describes an explosion of contacts between October 1906 and June 1907:

On the fourth of October, 1906, the college was formally opened, and during the year there have been about forty students in attendance in the various courses, seven of whom graduated from the nurses course, July 10, 1907. The college offers three distinct courses of study, besides some preparatory work in English and science and certain classes of collegiate work, three years Medical Course, and the third an elective course covering one year, designed for Gospel workers who wish a preparation for general medical missionary work.

The three courses in the above paragraph are the two-year nurses course, the three-year medical course, and a one-year brief course.

Some field missionary work was carried on during the school year by such students as were prepared to engage in labor . . Schools of health were held at San Bernardino, Highlands, Redlands, Riverside, Corona, Highgrove, Los Angeles, and Gardena, at which a large number of ladies were reached with the health principles in lectures and demonstrations, and the way opened for the work to extend to various places in southern California.

Lectures in hygiene and health and temperance were given in the public schools in San Bernardino, Highlands, Riverside, Corona, and Highgrove, to learn [instruct] more than two thousand school children. The influence of this work was such that the superintendent of public instruction gave our workers a standing invitation to come to the school at any time and lecture to the pupils on any health and temperance subject. In the San Bernardino schools the superintendent arranged for a special course of lectures and cooking demonstrations for the school teachers after school hours.

The following two paragraphs show how the work started small, was done well, and kept expanding:

The way in which this work started and grew shows how the Lord prepared the way before the workers. The work was started with the San Bernardino Church, but soon extended to the church school, from the church members to their neighbors.

Those ladies soon opened the way for the work to be introduced into the mothers meetings. Here our workers had some most interesting experiences. These mothers so appreciated the truth that they opened the way for these lectures to be given in the public schools. The lectures on hygiene, tobacco, condiments, and spirituous liquors so stirred public thought that the way was soon open for it to extend to the schools in other places. These experiences opened the way for the work to be presented to the WCTU Conventions at Redlands, and from this meeting calls came for the work to extend to many places over southern California . .

A mission was opened in San Bernardino, and two of the graduate nurses were sent over, that a more thorough work in educating the people in the principles of life and health might be accomplished. The plan is to have a small house for the workers where they can give simple treatments and labor from house to house in ministering to the people physically and spiritually. The workers are making warm friends, and already several are interested in the truth.--John Burden, Report, June 30, 1907.

In 1905, an article appeared about the kind of work the Haskells were doing in Nashville, Tennessee, prior to moving to Loma Linda to conduct a similar work in connection with CME students and faculty:

Brother and Sister Haskell have rented a house in one of the best parts of the city, and have gathered round them a family of helpers, who day by day go out giving Bible readings, selling our papers, and doing medical missionary work. During the hour of worship, the workers relate their experiences. Bible studies are regularly conducted in the home, and the young men and young women connected with the mission receive a practical, thorough training in holding Bible readings and in selling our publications. The Lord has blessed their labors, a number have embraced the truth, and many others are deeply interested.--EGW, The Nashville Messenger, describing the Nashville Mission and Bible Training School, September 7, 1905.

Later, Elder Haskell described a similar work he did with Loma Linda students in nearby San Bernardino. In the following letter, notice his comment, not one of that first class [of students] was lost to the work. As a result of training them in active evangelism, all of the graduates entered upon missionary work as nurses and physicians. That tells a lot about the quality of the training in those early years at CME. It was not training bedside physicians and nurses, who spent their time giving and charting drug medications.

Elder and Sr. S.N. Haskell accepted the invitation of Sr. White to labor in southern California. They arrived at Loma Linda in December 1905, were charmed with the place and, after staying for a few days, went to St. Helena to consult with Sr. White as to the nature of the work they should do there. When they returned early in 1906, their conviction was that they should begin city mission work in some of the surrounding cities. San Bernardino was chosen for the effort, a house in the city was rented and a group of workers was selected from Loma Linda to assist them. They conducted a tent meeting, and the workers distributed literature and gave Bible readings in the homes to the people.

To some it seemed that this effort was not related to sanitarium work, and it was feared that the brethren at Loma Linda were branching out into unprofitable lines and ought to give their undivided attention to the institutional interests. The messages that came from Sr. White, however, expressed her approval of the field work that was being done. Repeatedly in her counsels she had rejoiced at the securing of Loma Linda because of its being an opportunity to do a work of evangelism in the surrounding cities.

It is now evident that this early effort to develop the field work molded the students for the mission field perhaps more than any other one feature of their class work. Not one of that first class was lost to the work. When they were graduated they were ready for the foreign fields. Some found their way to India, others to South America. Others dedicated their lives to the work in the homeland, and others pursued their medical studies further and became physicians. Thus is demonstrated that the following  principles in harmony with Gods purpose and plan will result in producing workers after Gods order.

I am glad that you are carrying forward the work that you have undertaken in San Bernardino, wrote Sr. White to Elder and Sr. Haskell. I believe you are working in harmony with the light that has been given to me. In your work you come in contact with people who need to feel a hunger and thirst after righteousness. The Lords blessing will be with all who work in harmony with His plans.--John Burden, letter dated June 8, 1906.

In a separate study, Elder Burden mentioned another aspect of the missionary work:

In order to acquaint the people of the surrounding district with the sanitarium, each Sunday a special dinner was provided to which the nurses, during their campaign in the field, gave invitations to representative business men and their families. By this means many friends were made, and they helped to increase the patronage of the institution.--John Burden, Story of Loma Linda.

When the Haskell's left, the Lord brought another worker to help the students carry on field evangelism:

From the first, practical field work was linked with the study program at Loma Linda. The work of Elder and Mrs. S.W. Haskell in San Bernardino has been mentioned already. After their departure there was for a time difficulty in finding someone to lead the students in this line of endeavor. But soon Dr. Lillis Wood Starr, an experienced worker in house-to-house medical missionary labor and an able lecturer, came with her family to the sanitarium. The faculty at Loma Linda arranged for her and some of the sanitarium workers to begin a class in the study of the book, Ministry of Healing, among the little company recently raised up by the evangelistic labors of Elder Haskell and his helpers at San Bernardino.

Some of the non-Adventist neighbors who attended these study groups by invitation asked that similar studies might be given in their homes. Soon many family circles, with an average attendance of twelve persons, were meeting regularly for the study of healthful living, rational treatment, diet, and hygienic dress. This opened the way later for public lectures before groups of mothers, and in the public schools, and the introduction of well-prepared literature for the children. The work spread to many neighboring cities and towns, and even to Pasadena and Los Angeles, with Dr. Starr and a group of no less than a thousand mothers.--Burden, Story of Our Health Message.

Ellen White had earlier written this:

I know that there should be workers who make medical evangelistic tours among the towns and villages. Those who do this work will gather a rich harvest of souls, both from the higher and lower classes. The way for this work is best prepared by the efforts of the faithful canvasser. Many will be called into the field to labor from house to house, giving Bible readings and praying with those who are interested.--EGW, Letter 202, 1903.

Gods dealing with His people is to be our guide in all educational advancement. His glory is to be the object of all study. Those who are being trained as medical missionaries are to realize that their work is to restore the image of God in man by healing the wounds which sin has made.--EGW, General Conference Bulletin, 1901, p. 455.

The principles of heaven are to be carried out in every family, in the discipline of every church, in every establishment, in every institution, in every school, and in everything that shall be managed. You have no right to manage unless you manage in Gods order. Are you under the control of God? Do you see your responsibility to Him?--EGW, General Conference Bulletin, 1901, p. 25.

In 1909, John Burden wrote to Ellen White about an ingathering story. It illustrates the work of a true medical missionary, one who had been trained to care for physical as well as spiritual needs.

One young lady, who had engaged in this [Ingathering] work for the first time, called where a man was painting a house. He treated her very coolly and turned her down, so she passed on and started in at the next house. He called to her; it was no use going in there, as that was his home and there was only his wife inside who would not be interested in it.

The worker turned to go away, but something impelled her to go back, so she went and rapped on the door, and just as she entered, a little baby in its mothers arms went into a spasm. The mother was frightened, not knowing what to do, as the baby seemed to be dying. The nurse noticed that she had a boiler of water on the stove just the right temperature for a hot bath. She asked the woman to bring a wash-tub and soon she had the baby in the hot bath which soon brought it [to consciousness] again. Meantime the lady had called her husband, and as they watched the nurse apparently bring the baby back to life and hand it to them, of course they were overjoyed with gratitude and were ready to listen to the nurse tell her story.--John Burden, Letter dated December 16, 1909.

We are given another insight into how a worker can carry on medical evangelism: In 1909, Ellen White contacted Dr. Kress, who at the time was working at the Washington Sanitarium, and gave him an assignment. You can read portions of it in Counsels on Health, pp. 543-548. She instructed him to maintain his connection with the Sanitarium, but from time to time to leave it and travel and do medical evangelism out in the field, holding health evangelism meetings. (For more on this, see Counsels on Health, pp. 503-504, 540-542).

One might inquire how a physician could carry on so many activities. The following quotation helps explain this:

Those in charge of our sanitariums do not show wisdom when they take upon themselves so many responsibilities . . that they neglect to educate and train the helpers in religious lines. There is danger of the workers carrying about them an impure spiritual atmosphere. In word and deed they often reveal that their characters are unsanctified, unholy, impure. In the country, the education of patients and nurses can be carried on with far less labor than in the city.--EGW, Manuscript 41, 1902.

Here is an earlier description of how Dr. Kress conducted his evangelistic work:

After a period of service at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, the Kress's went to England in 1898 to establish SDA medical work there. The first year they gave lectures, began health schools, and started a magazine called Life and Health, which was published for nearly a year. Appointed to Australia in 1900, they laid the foundation for a strong medical work there.--SDA Encyclopedia, p. 653.

Here is another illuminating passage:

When Brother Burden was leaving for southern California at the close of this Conference, he inquired of me, What shall we plan to do for Loma Linda? Go straight ahead, I replied, Let the truth shine forth in every possible way. Continue to work with all your zeal in the territory surrounding your sanitarium. Help your students to learn how to labor, and keep sending them out into Redlands and Riverside and San Bernardino and smaller towns and villages round about. Introduce our publications and do thorough work. Let your light shine as a lamp that burneth. Encourage the students to greater activity in missionary labor while taking their course of study.--EGW, Manuscript 53; June 11, 1909.

Two days earlier, she wrote:

The whole of the book Acts should receive careful study. It is full of precious instruction; it records experiments in evangelistic work, the teaching of which we need in our work today. This is wonderful history; it deals with the highest education, which the students in our school are to receive.--EGW, June 9, 1909.

THEY SHOULD GRADUATE TO SERVE

The training program at Loma Linda was so balanced in those early years, that many graduates were going to foreign fields as missionaries.

God will surely advance the humble, faithful, praying, whole-souled medical missionary, as He advanced Daniel and his fellows.--Signs, October 2, 1893; Healthful Living, p. 255.

Ten workers have now gone from Loma Linda to foreign fields. Four to South America and four to China. One to India and One to Japan. Another starts for India next month. The foreign mission board is calling for them just as fast as we can get them ready.--John Burden, December 16, 1909.

Missionary work in order to prepare a people to meet the judgment is the reason for everything we do.

Gods purpose in giving the third angels message to the world is to prepare a people to stand true to Him during the investigative judgment. This is the purpose for which we establish and maintain our publishing houses, our schools, our sanitariums, hygienic restaurants, treatment rooms, and food factories. This is our purpose in carrying forward every line of work in the cause.--Manuscript 154, 1902; 1 MR, p. 228; 1902.

When the Lord shall bid us make no further effort to build meetinghouses and establish schools, sanitariums, and publishing institutions, it will be time for us to fold our hands and let the Lord close up the work; but now is our opportunity to show our zeal for God and our love for humanity.6 Testimonies, p. 440.

We must carry on medical missionary work in many places, continually entering new ones.

To send missionaries into a foreign field to do missionary work, unprovided with facilities and means, is like requiring bricks to be made without straw . .

Those who go into new fields to use the breaking-up plow in preparing the soil for the sowing of the seed of truth are to be encouraged, prayed for, sustained. It is the Lords desire that every worker sent into new fields shall be furnished with means and facilities for the successful accomplishment of His work. They are to receive help and encouragement from those in the home field, that they may have courage to overcome the difficulties that they meet in their work.--Letter 92, 1902; Medical Ministry, p. 330.

At this juncture, we want to overview several key aspects of the blueprint for medical missionary training centers: 

EXAMINING THE BLUEPRINT

KEY POINTS IN THE BLUEPRINT

Here, in one letter from Ellen White, dated March 24, 1908, is a brief statement of some key aspects of the blueprint:

Elder J.A. Burden and others at L.L. Sanitarium, California.

I feel a deep interest that careful study shall be given to the needs of our institutions at Loma Linda, and that the right moves be made. In the carrying forward of the work at this place, men of talent and of decided spirituality are needed.

We may, in the work of educating our nurses, reach a high standard in the knowledge of the true science of healing. That which is of the most importance is that the students be taught how to truly represent the principles of health reform. Teach the students to pursue this line of study faithfully, combined with other essential lines of education. The grace of Jesus Christ will give wisdom to all who will follow the Lords plan of true education.

Let the students follow closely the example of the One who purchased the human race with the costly price of His own life. Let them appeal to the Saviour and depend on Him as the One who heals all manner of diseases. The Lord would have the workers make special efforts to point the sick and suffering to the great Physician who made the human body. He would have all become obedient children to the faith, that they may come with confidence and ask for bodily restoration. Many who come to our sanitariums will be blessed as they learn the truth concerning the Word of God, many who would never learn it through any other medium.

It is well that our training schools for Christian workers should be established near to our health institutions, that the students may be educated in the principles of healthful living. Institutions that send forth workers who are able to give a reason for their faith, and who have that faith that works by love and purifies the soul, are of great value.

I have clear instructions that wherever it is possible, schools should be established near our sanitariums, that each institution may be a help to the other. But I dare not advise that steps be taken at this time to branch out so largely in the educational  work at Loma Linda that a great outlay of means will be required to erect new buildings. Our faithful workers at Loma Linda must not be overwhelmed with such great responsibilities that they will be in danger of becoming worn and discouraged.

I am charged to caution you against building extensively for the accommodation of the students. It would not be wise to invest at this time so large a capital as would be required to equip a medical college that would properly qualify physicians to stand the test of the medical examinations of different states.

A movement should not now be inaugurated that would add greatly to the investment upon the Loma Linda property. Already there is a large debt resting upon the institution, and discouragement and perplexity would follow if this indebtedness were to be greatly increased. As the work progresses new improvements may be added from time to time as they are found necessary. An elevator should soon be installed in the main building. But there is need of strict economy. Let our brethren move cautiously and wisely, and plan no larger than they can handle without being overburdened.

In the work of the school maintain simplicity. No argument is so powerful as is success founded on simplicity. And you may attain success in the education of the students as medical missionaries without a medical school that can qualify physicians to compete with the physicians of the world.

Let the students be given a practical education. And the less dependent you are upon worldly methods of education, the better it will be for the students. Special instructions should be given in the art of treating the sick without the use of poisonous drugs, and in harmony with the light God has given. Students should come forth from the school without having sacrificed the principles of health reform.

The education that meets the worlds standard is to be less and less valued by those who are seeking for efficiency in carrying the medical missionary work in connection with the work of the third angels message. They are to be educated from the standpoint of conscience; and as they conscientiously and faithfully follow right methods in their treatment of the sick, these methods will come to be recognized as preferable to the methods of nursing to which many have become accustomed, which demands the use of poisonous drugs.

We should not at this time seek to compete with worldly medical schools. Should we do this, our chances of success would be small. We are not now prepared to carry out successfully the work of establishing large medical institutions of learning. Moreover, should we follow the worlds methods of medical practice, exacting large fees that worldly physicians demand for their survives, we would work away from Christ's plan for our ministry to the sick.

There should be at our sanitariums intelligent men and women who can instruct in Christ's methods of ministry. Under the instruction of competent consecrated teachers, the youth may become partakers of the divine nature and learn how to escape the corruptions that are in the world through lust. I have been shown that we should have many more women, many more lady nurses who will treat the sick in a simple way and without the use of drugs.

There are many simple herbs which, if our nurses would learn the value of, they could use in the place of drugs and find very effective. Many times I have been applied to for advice as to what should be done in cases of sickness or accident, and I have mentioned some of these simple remedies, and they have proved helpful . .

I write these things that you may know that the Lord has not left us without the use of simple remedies which when used will not leave the system in the weakened condition in which the use of drugs so often leaves it. We need well-trained nurses who can understand how to use the simple remedies that nature has provided for restoration to health and who can teach those who are ignorant of the laws of health, how to use these simple but effective cures. He who created men and women has an interest in those who suffer. He has directed in the establishment of our sanitariums and in the building up of schools close to our sanitariums, that they may become efficient mediums in training men and women for the work of ministering to suffering humanity. In the treatment of the sick, poisonous drugs need not be used. Alcohol or tobacco in any form must not be recommended, lest some soul be led to imbibe a taste for these things. There will be no excuse for the liquor dealers in that day when every man shall receive according to his works. Those who have destroyed life will by their own life have to pay the penalty. Gods law is holy and just and good.

We have seen the poor wrecks of humanity come to our sanitariums to be cured of the liquor habit. We have seen those who have ruined their health by wrong habits of diet and by the use of flesh meats. This is why we need to lift up the voice like a trumpet and show My people their transgressions and the house of Jacob their sins . .

Let Seventh-day Adventist medical workers remember that the Lord God omnipotent reigneth. Christ was the greatest Physician that ever trod the sin-cursed earth. The Lord would have His people come to Him for their power of healing. He will baptize them with His Holy Spirit and fit them for a service that will make them a blessing in restoring the spiritual and physical health of those who need healing.--March 24, 1908; printed in The Medical Evangelist, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1910.

The above letter was not hidden in a file cabinet, but printed and mailed in their periodical early 1910 to every sponsor, church leader, and member of the college board. Essential highlights of the blueprint were spelled out in that letter: Only use natural remedies, the school and sanitarium must blend, do not affiliate with the world or seek its accreditation. Our method is superior.

NATURAL REMEDIES

Here is a classic statement on the remedies to be used in the treatment of the sick, and the remedies not to be used:

There are many ways of practicing the healing art, but there is only one way that Heaven approves. Gods remedies are the simple agencies of nature, that will not tax or debilitate the system through their powerful properties. Pure air and water, cleanliness, a proper diet, purity of life, and a firm trust in God, are remedies for the want of which thousands are dying, yet these remedies are going out of date because their skillful use requires work that the people do not appreciate. Fresh air, exercise, pure water, and clean, sweet premises, are within the reach of all with but little expense; but drugs are expensive, both in the outlay of means and the effect produced upon the system.--Counsels on Health, p. 323.

Here is another fundamental statement. It is in that special chapter in Ministry of Healing (chapter 8) which explains how the physician is carry on his practice. This astounding passage contains the basics of the medical course in the early years at Loma Linda. Every health worker should learn these basics.

The physician has many opportunities both of imparting a knowledge of health principles and of showing the importance of putting them in practice. By right instruction he can do much to correct evils that are working untold harm.

A practice that is laying the foundation of a vast amount of disease and of even more serious evils is the free use of poisonous drugs. When attacked by disease, many will not take the trouble to search out the cause of their illness. Their chief anxiety is to rid themselves of pain and inconvenience. So they resort to patent nostrums, of whose real properties they know little, or they apply to a physician for some remedy to counteract the result of their misdoing, but with no thought of making a change in their unhealthful habits. If immediate benefit is not realized, another medicine is tried, and then another. Thus the evil continues.

People need to be taught that drugs do not cure disease. It is true that they sometimes afford present relief, and the patient appears to recover as the result of their use; this is because nature has sufficient vital force to expel the poison and to correct the conditions that caused the disease. Health is recovered in spite of the drug. But in most cases the drug only changes the form and location of the disease. Often the effect of the poison seems to be overcome for a time, but the results remain in the system and work great harm at some later period.

By the use of poisonous drugs, many bring upon themselves lifelong illness, and many lives are lost that might be saved by the use of natural methods of healing. The poisons contained in many so-called remedies create habits and appetites that mean ruin to both soul and body. Many of the popular nostrums called patent medicines, and even some of the drugs dispensed by physicians, act a part in laying the foundation of the liquor habit, the opium habit, the morphine habit, that are so terrible a curse to society.

The only hope of better things is in the education of the people in right principles. Let physicians teach the people that restorative power is not in drugs, but in nature. Disease is an effort of nature to free the system from conditions that result from a violation of the laws of health. In case of sickness, the cause should be ascertained. Unhealthful conditions should be changed, wrong habits corrected. Then nature is to be assisted in her effort to expel impurities and to re-establish right conditions in the system.

Pure air, sunlight, abstemiousness, rest, exercise, proper diet, the use of water, trust in divine powerthese are the true remedies. Every person should have a knowledge of natures remedial agencies and how to apply them. It is essential both to understand the principles involved in the treatment of the sick and to have a practical training that will enable one rightly to use this knowledge.

The use of natural remedies requires an amount of care and effort that many are not willing to give. Natures process of healing and upbuilding is gradual, and to the impatient it seems slow. The surrender of hurtful indulgences requires sacrifice. But in the end it will be found that nature, untrammeled, does her work wisely and well. Those who persevere in obedience to her laws will reap the reward in health of body and health of mind.--Ministry of Healing, pp. 126-127.

In Ellen Whites writings, the comment was frequently made about getting the patient out of doors, as the weather permitted. The fresh country air strengthens the body. The sights, sounds, and peace of surrounding nature are restful to the whole being and draw the thoughts to God above. Reclining, sitting, walking, and gardening as the patient strengthens, strengthens his will and fills him with hope and courage.

Keep the patients out of doors as much as possible and give them cheering, happy talks in the parlor, with simple reading and Bible lessons easy to be understood, which will be an encouragement to the soul. Talk on health reform, and do not you, my brother, become a burden bearer in so many lines that you cannot teach the simple lessons of health reform. Those who go from the Sanitarium should go so well instructed that they can teach others the methods of treating their families.--EGW, June 17, 1906.

Both students and patients should be taught basic healthful living, the total avoidance of medicinal drugs, the use of simple remedies, and looking to Christ as their Healer and Saviour.

The blending of our schools and sanitariums will prove an advantage in many ways. Through the instruction given by the sanitarium, students will learn how to avoid forming careless, intemperate habits in eating. Let the instruction be given in simple words. We have no need to use the many expressions used by worldly physicians which are so difficult to understand that they must be interpreted by the physicians. These long names are often used to conceal the character of the drugs being used to combat disease. We do not need these. Natures simple remedies will aid in recovery without leaving the deadly aftereffects so often felt by those who use poisonous drugs. They destroy the power of the patient to help himself. This power the patients are to be taught to exercise by learning to eat simple healthful foods. By refusing to overload the stomach with a variety of foods at one meal. All these things should come into the education of the sick. Talks should be given showing how to preserve health, how to shun sickness, how to rest when rest is needed.

There are many inventions which cost large sums of money which, it is just as well, should not come into our work. They are not what our students need. Let the education given be simple in its nature. In giving us His Son, the Father gave the most costly gift that Heaven could bestow. This gift it is our privilege to use in our ministration to the sick. Let Christ be your dependence. Commit every case to the great Healer; let Him guide in every operation. The prayer offered in sincerity and in faith will be heard. This will give confidence to the physicians and courage to the sufferer.

I have been instructed that we should lead the sick in our institutions to expect large things because of the faith of the physician in the great Healer, who, in the years of His early ministry, went through the towns and villages of the land and healed all who came to Him. None were turned away; He healed them all. Let the sick realize that, although unseen, Christ is present to bring relief and healing.--EGW, February 20, 1908.

APPLIANCES AND ELECTRICAL TREATMENTS

There is danger of spending far too much money on [medical] machinery and appliances which the patients can never use in their home lessons. They should rather be taught how to regulate the diet, so that the living machinery of the whole being will work in harmony.--EGW, June 17, 1906.

When we were at the Paradise Valley Sanitarium, we were conducted through the new treatment rooms. One room was elaborately fitted up with electrical appliances for giving the patients treatment. That night I was instructed that some connected with the institution were introducing things for the treatment of the sick that were not safe. The application of some of these electrical treatments would involve the patient in serious difficulties, imperiling life.

One [Christ] was conversing with the doctors, and with great earnestness was saying, Never, never carry out your wonderful plans. There have been various mechanical devices brought into the treatment rooms that are expensive, and the men who make a specialty of treating certain cases are liable to make grave mistakes . . Several things were mentioned that have been brought into the Paradise Valley Sanitarium which were not necessary, and which should not have been purchased without consultation with other physicians. The amount of money which some of these machines cost and the salary which must be paid to the one who operates them should be taken into consideration . .

Now I am certain that great care should be taken in purchasing electrical instruments and costly mechanical fixtures. Move slowly, Brother Burden, and do not trust to men who suppose that they understand what is essential and who launch out in spending money for many things that require experts to handle them.

Several times I have been instructed that much of the elaborate, costly machinery used in giving treatments did not help in the work as much as is supposed. With it we do not get so good results as with the simple applications we used in our earlier experiences. The application of water in the various simple ways is a great blessing.

I have been instructed that the X-ray is not the great blessing that some suppose it to be. If used unwisely, it may do much harm. The results of some of the electrical treatments are similar to the results of some stimulants. There is a weakness that follows.--EGW, June 17, 1906.

From the above, it would appear that an X-ray may be needed to diagnose a broken bone, etc.; but, as a treatment, various types of radiation should be avoided.

WE SHOULD NOT HAVE BIG SANITARIUMS

Because we are living in the last days, we should build small. It is too late to start large medical centers, which would entail high costs, high charges, with consequent demands for high salaries, etc. Instead, we should erect small institutions in many places.

Unmistakable evidences point to the nearness of the end. The warning is to be given in certain tones. The way must be prepared for the coming of the Prince of Peace in the clouds of heaven. There is much to be done in the cities that have not yet heard the truth for this time. We are not to establish institutions to rival in size and splendor the institutions of the world; but in the name of the Lord, with the untiring perseverance and unflagging zeal that Christ brought into His labors, we are to carry forward the work of the Lord.9 Testimonies, p. 25.

LAND AROUND THE INSTITUTION

Although we should not have large sanitariums, we have been counseled regarding the importance of purchasing land around our various facilities. The following counsel is worth considering--even by families as they seek a country location in which to live.

Sunday forenoon, February 25, Sister White again came into my office room, and . . began to outline quite fully her experience in connection with the control of tracts of land adjacent to the Loma Linda Sanitarium. She . . emphasized the necessity of our being wide awake at times when we have opportunity to gain control of properties close by our leading institutions . . Ellen White was anxious that more property be purchased which could stand as bulwarks against the encroachment of the Loma Linda neighborhood by unfriendly parties. Clarence C. Crisler, Ellen Whites secretary, February 1912; Loma Linda Messages, p. 977.

Wherever we can, it is our duty to manage it so that the immediate surroundings of our institutions are not to be bothered with this Sunday-keeping and Sabbath-breaking element . . The Lord does not want us to permit such neighbors right around us, working before our children on the Sabbath.--EGW, March 28, 1912.

OUR SCHOOLS SHOULD NOT GO INTO DEBT

It is of the utmost importance that our schools avoid debt.

If our schools are conducted on right lines, debts will not be piling up.6 Testimonies, p. 209 [the entire chapter provides ways to avoid it].

Methods must be devised to prevent the accumulation of debt upon our institutions. The whole cause must not be made to suffer because of debt which will never be lifted unless there is an entire change and the work is carried forward on some different basis. Let all who have acted a part in allowing this cloud of debt to cover them now feel it their duty to do what they can to remove it.6 Testimonies, p. 213.

If our educational work had been carried on in accordance with the instruction given for our guidance, the dark shadow of heavy debt would not today be hanging over our institutions.6 Testimonies, p. 216.

STATEMENTS ON DIPLOMAS AND DEGREES

In 1908, when George A. Irwin was about to become chairman of the CME board, Ellen White wrote him, that the Madison School was an example of what should be done at Loma Linda. Fortunately, in this present book we are learning the blueprint at both Madison and Loma Linda.

Madison speaks for itself and tells what might have been accomplished . . Our schools should have little to say now of degrees and of long courses of study. The work of preparation for the service of God is to be done speedily. Let the work be carried forward in strictly Bible lines. Let every soul remember that the judgments of God are in the land. Let degrees be little spoken of. Let the meetinghouses that are needed in our cities be plain and simple, and erected without expense. Let time and means be wisely invested.--EGW, December 23, 1908; later reprinted in Review, October 2, 1930.

When we send either our teachers or our youth chasing after degrees, we injure not only them but those they will later work with.

We recognize that an educated man like Paul may be humble and led by the Spirit of the Lord. We recognize also that a beautiful woman may be humble and a fine Christian. But when either education or beauty becomes the goal, such as entering a contest, or entering the scramble for degrees as the goal, the probability of either becoming humble or controlled by the Spirit is most unlikely. Consequently, so long as we place university degrees as the goal for the youth, just so long is the probability of their feeling self-trustful and their need of relying upon the Lord unlikely; and just so long will worldly ways be in our school and self-sufficiency among our workers.--W.E. Straw, Personal Observation and Experience in Our Educational Work, p. 41.

The popular method of filling the students mind with that which is not practical, and hurrying him through a certain course in order that he may obtain a diploma, is not true education. True education begins on the inside, at the core, with that which is practical. It builds up and strengthens a symmetry of character that by and by, in after life, will show itself in some grand, good, and noble work for the world.--Review, December 26, 1882 (not EGW).

After Daniells was no longer in charge, church leaders had encountered so much grief from the accreditation and degree craze that the following 1931 Autumn Council recommendation was made:

We recommend: 9. That for the sake of maintaining Christian ideals, our college faculties should discourage the use of the title Doctor, for this practice has a tendency in the students minds to create a kind of educational aristocracy. It would seem that the Lords admonition against the use of titles of preferment would apply here.1931 Autumn Council Recommendation, Item 9.

After quoting the above statement, F.M. Wilcox, Review editor, made the following comment:

It is true we have employed the term doctor as applied to our physicians for many years. Why should we not employ it to designate those who have a doctors degree in literary qualification? . .

In our schools . . as nowhere else, the employment of the term has a strong educating influence in placing before our youth worldly standards. It makes a distinction between men; it destroys the parity of the teaching brotherhood . . Emphasis on worldly standards and academic distinctions tend to professionalize our schools and dampen the spirit of evangelism.--F.M. Wilcox, editorial, Review, November 26, 1931.

Four years later, Elder C.H. Watson, General Conference president, wrote this about how the early church became corrupted:

The church began to court the world, and to revive the courtship of the world. It began to desire and accept the high-sounding titles that the world was pleased to bestow upon its leaders.--C.H. Watson, Review, November 21, 1935.

Percy Magan also saw the effects of professionalism at Loma Linda:

Caps, gowns, and degrees are not the best; but they are like feathers in a woman's bonnet. They will drop off when there is something better to take their place.--Magan to Sutherland, July 8, 1923.

Non-Adventist writers also strongly agreed that this trend of making some the great men that others look up to injures all concerned.

Most of the earthly universities of Europe were founded by the pope, and degrees were conferred by his representatives and by virtue of his authority. The custom of awarding degrees spread from Italy to other European states and from Spain, France, and England to the colonies of America. Today degrees are conferred by institutions of learning in all parts of the world . . The title doctor . . was sometimes conferred as an honor by the pope or emperor, and . . after the public exercises had been completed, the chancellor congratulated the candidate and by the authority of the pope awarded the license to teach. The candidate was then invested with the marks of his office. The next sat upon the magisterial chair, a special cap was placed on his head, and he was given a gold ring.--Encyclopedia of Education, 1971, Vol. 3, p. 26.

Paradoxically, this same insistence on education is now becoming a barrier to democracy--particularly to our national effort to remake the social class structure of this country by reducing the number of its poor and underprivileged.

We have built this barrier through our emphasis on credentials. Indeed, we have become a credential society, in which ones education level is more important than what he can do. People cannot obtain jobs that they could well fill because they lack educational qualifications. Mr. Miller, program adviser for the National Affairs Division of the Ford Foundation, 1967 address, published in a Ford Foundation pamphlet.

Raymond Moore provides this insightful observation:

The Adventist educational administrator, too, faces many pressures from ministers, teachers, parents, students, alumni, trustees, and other constituents.

Among the faculty are professors who have specialized during graduate study and want to teach courses in their specialties. Occasionally new professors, aware of the colleges feeling of need for their degrees, sometimes actually make such courses a condition of their employment. It does not take many such professors to add numerous expensive and unnecessary courses.--Raymond Moore, Adventist Education at the Crossroads, p. 25.

We will here reprint a paragraph, earlier quoted in Part One of this present book, regarding Emmanuel Missionary College:

In 1898-1899, the college, operating under a new charter, discontinued the granting of academic degrees. The August issue of the school journal, the Advocate, included a quotation from a Roman Catholic pamphlet: The conferring of degrees was originated by a pope. The announcement was made: The College, under its new organization, ceases, with this year to grant degrees. Preparation for usefulness in the cause of Christ will be the subject constantly held before students, replacing the courses and diplomas of the past.

GRADING AND COMPETITION

The grading system used in the world has serious flaws. W.W. Prescott wrote the following statement:

The real purpose of our educational work is to restore the image of God in the soul . . The basis on which students should be encouraged to earnest work in securing an education is an important matter. You know to what extent it is coming to be a practice in educational institutions to stimulate efforts by prize competitions in almost every line. The marking [credit/grade] system very generally encourages a feeling of rivalry. The basis of the work is thus made to be personal ambitions. It is not so much to personal excellence, not to reach a certain ideal, but to be above a neighbor. Of two students with different capacities, one may by much less hard work take the higher rank, and yet his fellow student may do better work and be a better student.

The true basis seems to me to be this: Every one is endowed with certain capacities and faculties. God has for him a certain ideal which he can reach by the proper use of time and opportunities. He is not to be satisfied with the fact that he outstrips his neighbor. His effort should be to get what God would have him, and success is to meet the ideal the Lord has for him in view of his capacity and opportunity. His neighbor, who may have only half the capacity will reach the same degree of success and will be worthy of the same commendation if he reaches the ideal that God has for him in view of his capacity and his opportunity.

The true basis of credit is not to be comparing one with another to see if one secures better standing or more prizes than his neighbor, but to compare the actual standing of every student with the ideal which God intends he should gain in view of the capacities with which he was endowed and the opportunities Gods providence has given him.

This is a very different basis than simply the idea of personal ambition to excel another. It is very much easier for a teacher to impel one to earnest work by appealing to personal ambition, because it is a trait of human nature easily cultivated. So many teachers, as being the easier method to get work (as they say) out of students, appeal to them on the basis of their standing, as compared with another (2 Cor 10:12-13).

But that trait of human nature needs no cultivation. It is the same old self. When the mind of Christ is brought into our plans of education, the purpose will not be to draw out and strengthen elements of self, but it will be, as in all other parts of the work, to empty ones self, to take a humble position, and yet by that very means to attain to an exaltation impossible any other way.--W.W. Prescott, General Conference Director of Education, February 23, 1893; 1893 General Conference Bulletin, pp. 357-358.

And the test should not be, Have you studied this? Have you studied that? Have you passed an examination, with certain percent in such subjects? Have you a diploma in such a course? But, What are you?  That should be the constant test. The examination should be the application of Gods idea for the individual, to him personally.--W.W. Prescott, General Conference Bulletin, 1897.

According to the Spirit of Prophecy, true education develops character and teaches us to help one another.

True education does not ignore the value of scientific knowledge or literary acquirements; but above information it values power; above power, goodness; above intellectual acquirements, character. The world does not so much need men of great intellect as of noble character. It needs men in whom ability is controlled by steadfast principle . . True education imparts this wisdom. It teaches the best use not only of one but of all our powers and acquirements. Thus it covers the whole circle of obligation--to ourselves, to the world, and to God . . At such a time as this, what is the trend of the education given? To what motive is appeal most often made? To self-seeking.

Much of the education given is a perversion of the name. In true education the selfish ambition, the greed for power, the disregard for the rights and needs of humanity, that are the curse of our world, find a counter-influence. Gods plan of life has a place for every human being. Each is to improve his talents to the utmost; and faithfulness in doing this, be the gifts few or many, entitles one to honor. In Gods plan there is no place for selfish rivalry. Those who measure themselves by themselves, and compare themselves among themselves, are not wise (2 Corinthians 10:12) . . But how widely different is much of the education now given! From the childs earliest years it is an appeal to emulation and rivalry; it fosters selfishness, the root of all evil.

Thus is created strife for supremacy; and there is encouraged the system of cramming, which in so many cases destroys health and unfits for usefulness. In many others, emulation leads to dishonesty; and by fostering ambition and discontent, it embitters the life and helps to fill the world with those restless, turbulent spirits that are a continual menace to society.--Education, pp. 225-226.

WE MUST NOT SUBMIT TO THE WORLDS STANDARD OF MEDICAL WORK

In 1903, A.T. Jones was planning to go to Battle Creek to help Dr. J.H. Kellogg reopen Battle Creek College and have it conform to requirement standards set by the AMA. Before departing California for Michigan, Jones stopped by Elmshaven and Ellen White pled with him. She told him we do not want the stamp--the imprint--of the accrediting agencies on our people.

Get out of Battle Creek; for Heavens sake get out of Battle Creek! . . All this reaching up toward a worldly standard is unnecessary. When Christ came into the world as our teacher, He chose unlearned men as His disciples . . [Do not go there] . . Let them raise a standard and require a degree . . He [Christ] would rather work for fishermen than learned men who knew so much . . They are not fitted for our work . . We do not need the commendation of those that do not know what true education is. We do not want their stamp. God is going to give us His Holy Spirit to enlighten our understanding.--EGW, August 15, 1903.

A little over two months later, she wrote Dr. Kellogg another of many letters expressing her deep concern:

Who will now consecrate themselves to the service of the Lord? Who will now pledge themselves not to affiliate with the world, but to come out from the world and be separate, refusing to pollute the soul with the worldly schemes and practices that have been keeping the church under the enemy's influence?--8 Testimonies, p. 45.

Here are additional statements worthy of our attention:

Dr. Kellogg is not to study how he can best meet the requirements of the world. He is not to pattern after the world in his appearance and equipage, flattering himself that this is the way to meet the higher classes . .

The idea that outward show gives influence to a man or his position is one of Satan's lies. Let no man climb above the methods and example of our Lord. There is no higher standard than the life of Christ. As a people we are to shun the pretense of the world, which has made men and women what they are today. We are not to copy the customs and practices of worldly wisemen in order to gain favor or influence. Christlikeness is true Christianity. In the truth there is a power which no outward appearance or display can give, which no worldly suppositions or opinions can change or alter.--Medical Ministry, pp. 160-161; Manuscript 172, 1899.

There should be no striving for recognition from the world in order to gain character and influence for the truth . . We shall not desire to be esteemed and honored by the world. We have no claim nor right to greatness, only as Christ gives value to our influence.--Review, September 23, 1901.

Our college stands today in a position that God does not approve. I have been shown the dangers that threaten this important institution. If its responsible men seek to reach the worlds standard, if they copy the plans and methods of other colleges, the frown of God will be upon our school.--5 Testimonies, p. 27.

Any recognition or exaltation gained apart from God is worthless; for it is not honored in heaven. To have the approval of men does not win Gods approval. Those who would be acknowledged by God in the day of judgment, must here listen to His counsels and be governed by His will.--EGW, September 14, 1905; 5 Review, p. 167.

Repeatedly, Ellen White warned us not to affiliate with the world, nor seek to meet its standard.

There is constant danger among our people that those who engage in labor in our schools and sanitariums will entertain the idea that they must get in line with the world, study the things which the world studies, and become familiar with the things that the world becomes familiar with. This is one of the greatest mistakes that could be made. We shall make grave mistakes unless we give special attention to the searching of the Word.--Fundamentals of Christian Education, p. 534.

The light has been given me that tremendous pressures will be brought upon every Seventh-day Adventist with whom the world can get into close connection. Those who seek the education that the world esteems so highly, are gradually led further and further from the principles of truth until they become educated worldlings. At what a price have they gained their education! They have parted with the Holy Spirit of God. They have chosen to accept what the world calls knowledge in the place of the truths which God has committed to men through His ministers and prophets and apostles.

And there are some who, having secured this worldly education, think that they can introduce it into our schools. But let me tell you that you must not take what the world calls the higher education and bring it into our schools and sanitariums and churches. We need to understand these things. I speak to you definitely. This must not be done.--Fundamentals of Christian Education, pp. 535-536.

Before we can carry the message of present truth in all its fullness to other countries, we must first break every yoke [with the world]. We must come into the line of true education, walking in the wisdom of God, and not in the wisdom of the world.EGW, Series B, No. 11, p. 30.

Shall we represent before the world that our physicians must follow the pattern of the world before they can be qualified to act as successful physicians? This is the question that is now testing the faith of some of our brethren. Let not any of our brethren displease the Lord by advocating in their assemblies the idea that we need to obtain from unbelievers a higher education than that specified by the Lord.

The representation of the Great Teacher is to be considered an all-sufficient revelation. Those in our ranks who qualify as physicians are to receive only such education as is in harmony with these divine truths . .

I have not a word to say in favor of the worlds ideas of higher education in any school that we shall organize for the training of physicians.--EGW, to J.A. Burden, October 11, 1909; Medical Ministry, p. 62.

WE ARE NOT TO AFFILIATE WITH THE WORLD

It is not rank, or wealth, or learning, or power that lends influence to a Christian; but a willing mind and a heart consecrated to the cause of Christ.--EGW to John Burden, May 6, 1906.

Today in the religious world there are multitudes who, as they believe, are working for the establishment of the kingdom of Christ as an earthly and temporal dominion. They desire to make our Lord the ruler of the kingdoms of this world, the ruler in its courts and camps, its legislative halls, its palaces and market places. They expect Him to rule through legal enactments, enforced by human authority.--Desire of Ages, p. 509.

We need now to begin over again. Reforms must be entered into with heart and soul and will. Errors may be hoary with age; but age does not make error truth, nor truth error. Altogether too long have the old customs and habits been followed. The Lord would now have every idea that is false put away from teachers and students. We are not at liberty to teach that which shall meet the worlds standard or the standard of the church, simply because it is the custom to do so. The lessons which Christ taught are to be the standard. That which the Lord has spoken concerning the instruction to be given in our schools is to be strictly regarded; for if there is not in some respects an education of an altogether different character from that which has been carried on in some of our schools, we need not have gone to the expense of purchasing lands and erecting school buildings.

Some will urge that if religious teaching is to be made prominent our schools will become unpopular; that those who are not of our faith will not patronize them. Very well; then let them go to other schools, where they will find a system of education that suits their taste. It is Satan's purpose by these considerations to prevent the attainment of the object for which our schools were established. Hindered by his devices, the managers reason after the manner of the world and copy its plans and imitate its customs. Many have so far shown their lack of wisdom from above as to join with the enemies of God and the truth in providing worldly entertainments for the students. In doing this they bring upon themselves the frown of God, for they mislead the youth and do a work for Satan. This work, with all its results, they must meet at the bar of God.

Those who pursue such a course show that they cannot be trusted. After the evil has been done, they may confess their error; but can they undo the influence they have exerted? Will the well done be spoken to those who have been false to their trust? These unfaithful workmen have not built upon the eternal Rock, and their foundation will prove to be sliding sand. When the Lord requires us to be distinct and peculiar, how can we crave popularity or seek to imitate the customs and practices of the world? Know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God. James 4:4.

To lower the standard in order to secure popularity and an increase of numbers, and then to make this increase a cause of rejoicing, shows great blindness.6 Testimonies, pp. 142-143.

The chief reason why the colleges are not able to teach the Bible more and better is because their energies are exhausted in meeting the standard of the state in regard to secular education. When the curriculum [that is] regarded as the standard is met by the students, there is little time or place left for religious studies.--C.C. Lewis, President of Union College, Review, January 25, 1906.

We were repeatedly warned not to confederate with unbelievers.

Do not feel that you are to be bound in any way or necessarily to confederate with unbelievers. It is well always for ministers to make friendly visits with ministers and to seek by that friendly acquaintance to disarm opposition. The same with the physician. There is too much keeping apart with association with both parties. But association does not mean confederacy. You must not confederate with unbelievers or give them preference to our own people.4 Manuscript Release, p. 67.

The question has been asked, What do you mean by a confederacy? Who have formed confederacies? You know what a confederacy is--a union of men in a work that does not bear the stamp of pure, straight-forward, unswerving integrity.4 Bible Commentary, p. 1142.

To secure worldly gains and honors, the church was led to seek the favor and support of the great men of the earth.--Great Controversy, p. 50.

Are the teachers in our schools giving the students to eat of the bread of life? Many of them are leading their students over the same track that they themselves have trod. They think this the only right way. They give students food which will not sustain spiritual life, but which will cause those who partake of it to die. They are fascinated by that which God does not require them to know.

Those teachers who are as determined as were the priests and rulers to carry their students over the same old path in which the world continues to travel will go into still greater darkness . .

The tree of knowledge, so-called, has become an instrument of death. Satan has artfully woven himself, his dogmas, his false theories into the instruction given. From the tree of knowledge he speaks the most pleasing flattery in regard to the higher education. Fundamentals of Christian Education, pp. 471.

Our physicians are not to partner with physicians not of our faith.

You are not to unite with unbelievers in medical work. Neither is this the Lords plan. His word to you is, Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? . . His divine wisdom will be given to you if you will refuse to yield to the inclination to link up with the world. Medical Ministry, p. 45.

The Lord . . desires us to learn the lesson that we shall not gain true success in His work by trying to meet the criterion of the world . . There should be no striving for recognition from the world in order to gain character and influence for the truth . . We shall not desire to be esteemed and honored by the world . . The esteem of those who are not guided by God, who are not living in obedience to the laws of His kingdom, is valueless.--EGW, September 23, 1901; 4 Review, pp. 319-320.

In many public and private colleges and universities, accreditation--or threat of losing it--has been used as leverage for the addition of faculty, the development of enrichment of new programs, or the building of expansion facilities.--Raymond Moore, Adventist Education at the Crossroads, p. 25.

Accreditation fears sometimes override the commonsense approach in the denominations schools at all levels. There is always a temptation for educators to engage in empire building. Such leaders become more concerned with growing every year in quantity or competing with sister institutions than they are with the basic quality of programs within a limited but desirable framework and size.--Ibid.

Study the Bible more and the theories of the medical fraternity less, and you will have greater spiritual health. Your mind will be clearer and more vigorous. Much that is embraced in a medical course is positively unnecessary. Those who take a medical training spend a great deal of time in learning that which is worthless. Many of the theories that they learn may be compared in value to the traditions and maxims taught by the scribes and Pharisees. Many of the intricacies with which they have to become familiar are an injury to their minds.--Counsels on Health, pp. 369-370.

Having surveyed some key statements regarding how the blueprint in medical evangelism was to be carried out, we will now return to the story of Loma Linda.

  NEARING THE CRISIS

THE OCTOBER 1907 MEETING

Two significant events occurred in the fall of 1907:

Only a few days after announcement of the closing of the American Medical Missionary College [in Battle Creek], this notice appeared in the church paper:

September 29 was a red-letter day in the history of our medical missionary work. A new mile-stone was passed in the opening of the College of Medical Evangelists, our denominational school at Loma Linda, California.

This marked the formal opening of the medical school. It had been incorporated the year before, and for five years it had been in process of formation and operation as a combined medical and evangelistic training school.--A.W. Spalding, Christ's Last Legion, p. 148.

On October 22, 1907, exactly 63 years after the Great Disappointment, and a few weeks after the opening of the second school year at CME, a council meeting was held at the school which was attended by a number of General Conference leaders, physicians, and others interested in medical missionary work. Lecture topics included Medical Missionary Training for the Foreign Field, A Plea for the First Principles in Our Medical Missionary Work, and Who Should Study Medicine, and What Counsel Do They Need?

With Elder Daniells present, Ellen White said this:

We want a school of the highest order--a school where the Word of God will be regarded as essential and where obedience to its teachings will be taught. For the carrying forward of such a school, we must have carefully selected educators. Our young people are not to be wholly dependent on the schools where they are told, If you wish to complete our course of instruction, you must take this study or some other study--studies that perhaps would be of no practical benefit to those whose only desire is to give to the world Gods message of health and peace . . We should endeavor to give instruction that will prepare students for service to their fellow men.

We are to seek for students who will plow deep into the Word of God and who will conform the life practice to the truths of the Word. Let the education given be such as will qualify consecrated young men and young women to go forth in harmony with the great commission.--EGW, Manuscript 151, 1907.

OBTAINING A STATE CHARTER

By 1908, the college was offering three courses: evangelistic medical (designed to qualify workers with all the ability of physicians to labor, not as physicians but, as medical missionary workers), nursing, and ministerial.

Checking into the matter, Burden learned that the state requirements for a full, accredited medical school required that, it must conform to the requirement of the Association of American Medical Colleges [AAMC]; and that its building, laboratories, equipment, and faculty meet rigid inspection (J.P. Dougall to J.A. Burden, October 3, 1908).

The AAMC was a subsidiary of the AMA. (In order to clarify the term, in this book we will refer to AMA accreditation rather than AAMC accreditation.)

AMA-approved accreditation was impossible; but partial approval sufficient to meet Loma Linda's blueprint needs was available, as Burden had mentioned in his important April letter, quoted earlier:

The battle was fought by the osteopaths, but [instead of only approving the osteopaths] the Legislature then threw the gate wide open for any school whose requirements for entrance to the medical course were equal to a high school preparation on the ten fundamental branches that underlie medical education.--Burden letter to W.A. Ruble, April 13, 1908.

The fact was that, in order to obey the blueprint, Loma Linda did not need to meet the requirements of a Class A medical school. So, yielding to urging by Elder Burden and Ellen White, the General Conference Committee passed a resolution in June 1909, restricting Loma Linda to a special training school for medical missionary workers.

But, in